Several technical measures have been developed by the government to monitor women participation in cultural/creative economy life. The relevant measures to report include:
1. Data on Women Participation in Cultural Life;
2. Book of Creative Economy Workforce 2011-2016;
3. Book of Gender-Based Human Development;
4. Gender Development Index (IPG);
5. Gender Empowerment Index (IDG);
6. Gender Inequality Index (IKG);
7. Human Development Index (IPM); and
8. Cultural Development Index (IPK).
Data on Women Participation in Cultural Life was collected by the (former) Creative Economy Agency (Bekraf) in collaboration with the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) through surveys that specifically monitor women participation in cultural life and creative economy. This data is highly significant in evaluating and supporting women participation in cultural life. This data is a reference document for the planning of programs, monitoring, and evaluating the government in achieving the targets set related to the development of Indonesia's creative economy potential.
The book of "Creative Economy Workforce 2011-2016" also contains statistical data used to monitor women participation in cultural/creative economy life. The data in the book uses data from the National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) in 2011-2016, with 14 creative economy sub-sectors formed from the 223 codes of the Indonesia Standard Industrial Classification (KLBI) 2015. Concerning women participation in cultural life, the indicator data used are:
1. Percentage of Labor Force with Main Occupation in Creative Economy Sector by Gender and Age Group, 2015-2016;
2. Percentage of Labor Force with Main Occupation in Creative Economy Sector by Gender and Four Age Categories, 2015-2016;
3. Comparison of Percentage of Labor Force with Main Occupation by Gender and Four Age Categories Nationally (All Sectors) and in Creative Economy Sector, 2016;
4. Percentage of Labor Force with Main Occupation in Creative Economy Sector by Educational Attainment and Gender, 2015-2016;
5. Comparison of Percentage of Labor Force with Main Occupation by Educational Attainment and Gender Nationally (All Sectors) and in Creative Economy Sector, 2016;
6. Percentage of Labor Force with Main Occupation in Creative Economy Sector by Main Occupation Status and Gender, 2015-2016;
7. Comparison of Percentage of Labor Force with Main Occupation by Main Occupation Status and Gender (All Sectors) and in Creative Economy Sector, 2016;
8. Percentage of Labor Force in Creative Economy by Formal/Informal Activity and Gender, 2015-2016;
9. Comparison of Percentage of Labor Force with Main Occupation by Formal/Informal Activity and Gender (All Sectors) and in Creative Economy Sector, 2016;
10. Percentage of Labor Force in Creative Economy by White/Blue Collar and Gender Categories, 2015-2016;
11. Comparison of Percentage of Labor Force with Main Occupation by White/Blue Collar and Gender Categories (All Sectors) and in Creative Economy Sector, 2016;
12. Percentage of the Labor Force with Main Occupation in Creative Economy Sector by Working Hours and Gender, 2015-2016;
13. Comparison of Percentage of Labor Force (Main Occupation) by Working Hours and Gender Nationally (All Sectors) and in Creative Economy Sector, 2016;
14. The Percentage of the Labor Force with Main Occupation in Creative Economy Sector by Excessive Hours and Gender, 2015-2016;
15. Comparison of Percentage of Labor Force (Main Occupation) by Excessive Hours and Gender Categories Nationally (All Sectors) and in Creative Economy Sector, 2016; and
16. Comparison of Percentage of Labor Force in Creative Economy in the Underemployment Category by Gender Nationally (All Sectors) and in Creative Economy Sector, 2016.
In a broader context, monitoring of women participation in cultural/creative economy life can also be seen from the progress of gender equality. In 2018, Kemen PPPA published the Gender Based Human Development Book which contained a number of statistical data which were then converted to a number of indexes, including the Gender Development Index (IPG), Gender Empowerment Index (IDG), Gender Inequality Index (IKG), and the Human Development Index (IPM).
Lastly, the publication of the Cultural Development Index (see Goal 1, Information Systems and Cultural Statistics Used in Policy Development) also contains a number of indicators that can be utilized in monitoring women participation in cultural/creative economy life.
In general, measures that monitor women participation in cultural/creative economy life are intended to contribute to the following achievements of the National Strategy for Culture (see Goal 1, Key Policies and Measures that Contain Strategies and Frameworks for the Development of an Integrated Cultural and Creative Economy Sector):
1. Provide space for the diversity of cultural expressions and encourage cultural interaction to strengthen the inclusiveness of culture (Agenda 1); and
2. Utilize advancement of culture objects of to improve people welfare (Agenda 4).
From the book of "Tenaga Ekonomi Kreatif 2011-2016" or Creative Economy Workforce 2011-2016, during 2015-2016, the number of people working in the Creative Economy sector increased from 15.96 million people (13.90 percent of the national workforce) in 2015 to 16.91 million people (14.28 percent of the national workforce) in 2016. The growth of the creative economy workforce increased by 5.95 percent, while that of the national workforce increased by 3.02 percent. Based on 2016 National Labor data, 61.60 percent of the workforce is male while 38.40 percent is female. In contrast to the characteristics at the national level, the majority of the population working in the creative economy sector is female, 55.74 percent of the creative economy workforce are female, 44.26 percent of the creative economy workers are male. Pattern of labor force in creative economy sector is similar with the national pattern where most of the labor force are adults aged 25-59 years.
In 2018, the Gender Development Index (GDI) (the ratio of the Human Development Index calculated separately for females and males) increased from 2017 by 0.03 points to 90.99 (with 75.43 for men; and 68.63 for women). The Condition of Gender Empowerment (IDG) graph in Indonesia shows improvement from 2010-2018. IDG focuses on looking at the extent of gender equality in terms of active role in politics, decision making, and the economy. This indicator is the adoption of the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) developed by UNDP.
The Gender Empowerment Index (IDG) in Indonesia, which is a composite index composed of several variables that reflect the level of women active role in economic and political life, shows a significant increase in Women Professional Workers over an eight year period (2011-2018). Increase in the IDG in Indonesia from 69.14 percent in 2011 to 70.07 percent in 2012, 70.46 percent in 2013, 70.68 percent in 2014, 70.83 percent in 2015, 71.39 percent in 2016, 71.74 percent in 2017, and to 72.10 percent in 2018. The increase in the IDG shows an increase in women role in development which is inseparable from government's role in gender mainstreaming (PUG) programme.
In the 2019 Cultural Development Index (IPK) (see Goal 1, Information Systems and Cultural Statistics Used in Policy Development), indicators to measure the gender dimension include:
1. Ratio of female-to-male labor force participation rate aged 15 and older is 62.74 percent;
2. Ratio of female-to-male population aged 25 and older who obtain a minimum of a high school diploma/its equivalent is 80.97 percent; and
3. Ratio of female-to-male Members of Parliament (MPs) is 21.19 percent.
| Name of partner | Type of entity |
|---|---|
Ministry of Manpower
| Public Sector
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